Dr. María Graciela Molina
gmolina@herrera.unt.edu.ar / m.graciela.molina@gmail.com
https://spaceweather.facet.unt.edu.ar/ – https://catedras.facet.unt.edu.ar/labcc/
ORCID: 0000-0003-2563-7457
EDUCATION
- Doctorado en Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología (FACET) ,Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Argentina.
2010- Lic. en Informatica. FACET-UNT.
CURRENT POSITIONS
Since 2017. Researcher at CONICET.
Since 2015. Associate Professor. Dpto de Ciencias de la Computación, FACET-UNT. Since 2022. Associated Researcher, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Roma. 2024 – 2026. President of ‘Asociación Latinoamericana de Geofísica Espacial (ALAGE)’. www.alage.org 2026 – 2030 . Co-leader of the Focus Area 3 “External impacts and internal dynamics of the Earth atmosphere” at the SCOSTEP program ‘ COURSE: Cross-scale coupling processes in the solar terrestrial system’.
2026 – 2030 . Co-leader of TG 5: Task Group on Capacity Building, Training and Education of the ‘Antarctic Geospace and ATmosphere reseArch (AGATA) Scientific Research Programme’ (https://scar.org/science/research-programmes/agata).
Since 2026: member of the COSPAR Capacity Building Panel.
2026 – 2027. Member of the next International Heliophysical Year committee.
Since 2023. Associated editor. Journal on Space Weather and Space Climate. https://www.swsc journal.org/
Since 2020. Head of Tucumán Space Weather Center (https://spaceweather.facet.unt.edu.ar/).
Since 2018. Co-director of Laboratorio de Computación Científica (Scientific Computing Laboratory). Computer Science Department, FACET-UNT.
Since 2023. Science Discipline Representative (SDR), SCOSTEP. (https://scostep.org/about/sdrs/sdrs2/). 2022 – pesent: Chair of ISWI (International Space Weather Initiative) Webinar series & Argentina representative
Since 2019. Head of Tucumán node, LAGO collaboration LAGO (http://lagoproject.net/). TEACHING (postgraduate)
2023, 2024. Ciencia de Datos: Fundamentos y Herramientas. FACET-UNT.
2019 – 2022. Postgraduate curricula:“Ciencia de Datos aplicada a Space Weather” covering the following areas: Machine Learning, Data Mining, Artificial Neural Networks, and scientific programming, Bayesian Statistics, Space Weather, Geomagnetism and instrumentation. FACET-UNT.
2022: Aprendizaje Automático: Fundamentos y Aplicaciones en Meteorología del Espacio (Machine Learning: Fundamentals and Applications in Space Weather). Invited Professor at DCAO, UBA. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Techniques for Scientific Programming. Prof. invitada UNQ. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2016. Pronóstico en Meteorología del Espacio (Forecasting in Space Weather). Prof. invitada UBA, Argentina.
PUBLICATIONS (last 5 years)
Y.M. Collado-Vega, T. Nieves-Chinchilla, D. Sibeck, K. Murphy, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, J. Klenzing, M.G. Molina, E. Bruus, A. Pulkkinen, J. Luhmann, G. DiBraccio, M. Romano, C. Stubenrauch (2026). The Basics of Space Weather. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Third Edition), Academic Press, 2026, Pages 703-726, ISBN 9780323958219, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-96026-7.00181-8. (book chapter)
Dasso, S., Molina, M.G., Démoulin, P., Santos, N.A., Gutierrez, C., Gulisano, A.M. (2026). Impact of Interplanetary Conditions on the Magnetosphere/ionosphere Produced by an ICME/SIR Double Structure. In: Gopalswamy, N., Banyś, D., Gadimova, S. (eds) Proceedings of the United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative. ISWI 2024. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 431. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-1121-1_3
Molina, M.G., Melendi, Y., Bea, GL., Paz, M., Ruesjas, L. (2026). Intense Spread-F Event at a Low Latitude Station and Its Possible Relationship with a Geomagnetic Storm and Substorms. In: Gopalswamy, N., Banyś, D., Gadimova, S. (eds) Proceedings of the United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative. ISWI 2024. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 431. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-1121-1_21
González, G., Molina, M.G., Paz, M., Melendi, Y. (2026). Different Plasma Bubble Dynamics over the EIA: a Comparative Study of Geomagnetic Storm Responses in Two Distinct Regions of South America. In: Gopalswamy, N., Banyś, D., Gadimova, S. (eds) Proceedings of the United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative. ISWI 2024. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 431. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-1121-1_20
Laurenza, M., Shiokawa, K., Molina, M.G. et al. COURSE: Cross-scale cOUpling pRocesses in the Solar–tErrestrial system—SCOSTEP’s new program for 2026–2030. Earth Planets Space 77, 180 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02283-w
Melendi, Y. D., Bravo, M., Molina, M. G., Paz, M., Urra, B., De Pasquale, L., et al. (2025). Global and regional ionospheric response to a moderate storm in South America and Antarctica using a multi instrumental approach. Earth and Space Science, 12,
e2025EA004281. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004281
Mamoru Ishii, Joaquim E.R. Costa, Maria Kuznetsova, Mario M. Bisi, Amalia Meza, Astrid M. Veronig, Clezio Marcos Denardini, Christina Plainaki, Sergio Dasso, Manuela Temmer, María Graciela Molina, Jens Berdermann, et al. (2025). Global Landscape of Space Weather Observations, Research and Operations, Advances in Space Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.021
Marew, H., Chum, J., Molina, M.G. et al. (2025). Equatorial spread-F characteristics using HF Doppler shift measurements: results from upgraded Doppler sounder system in Tucuman, Argentina. Earth Planets Space 77, 31 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02147-3
María Graciela Molina, Jorge H. Namour, Claudio Cesaroni, Luca Spogli, Noelia B. Argüelles, Eric N. Asamoah (2025). Boosting total electron content forecasting based on deep learning toward an operational service. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 268, 106427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106427
Torres Peralta, T.J.; Molina, M.G.; Asorey, H.; Sidelnik, I.; Rubio-Montero, A.J.; Dasso, S.; Mayo-Garcia, R.; Taboada, A.; Otiniano, L.; for the LAGO Collaboration (2025). Enhanced Particle Classification in Water Cherenkov Detectors Using Machine Learning: Modeling and Validation with Monte Carlo Simulation Datasets. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091039
- Torres Peralta,M. G. Molina, L. Otiniano , H. Asorey, I. Sidelnik, A. Taboadaf, R. Mayo-Garcia , A. J. Rubio-Montero , S. Dasso, for the LAGO Collaboration (2023). Particle Classification in the LAGO Water Cherenkov Detectors using Clustering Algorithms. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research – section A (NIM-A). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168557
Jaroslav Chum, Tereza Šindelářová, Petra Koucká Knížová, Kateřina Podolská, Jan Rusz, Jiří Baše, Hiroyuki Nakata, Keisuke Hosokawa, Michael Danielides, Carsten Schmidt, Leon Knez, Jann-Yenq Liu, María Graciela Molina, Mariano Fagre, Zama Katamzi-Joseph, et al. (2022). Atmospheric and ionospheric waves induced by the Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022; Doppler sounding and infrasound. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 233, Issue 2, May 2023, Pages 1429–1443,
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac517
Manuel Alejandro Bravo, María Graciela Molina, Miguel Martinez-Ledesma, Blas de Haro Barbás, et al. (2022). Ionospheric Response Modeling under Eclipse Conditions: Evaluation of December 14, 2020, Total Solar Eclipse Prediction over the South American sector. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Volume 9 – 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1021910
Cecilia Jarne, Pablo Alcain, Rodrigo Lugones, M. Graciela Molina (2022). Book [Spanish]. “Técnicas de Programación Científica: fundamentos para el desarrollo de software científico”. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. ISBN/ISSN: PAPEL 978-987-558-795-3 / DIGITAL 978-987-558-796-0
Barbás, M. Bravo, A.G. Elias, M. Martínez-Ledesma, G. Molina, B. Urra, J.V. Venchiarutti, C. Villalobos, J.H. Namour, E. Ovalle, E.D. Guillermo, E. Carrasco, L. De Pasquale, E. Rojo, R. Leiva.(2021). “Longitudinal variations of ionospheric parameters near totality during the eclipse of December 14, 2020”. Advances in Space Research, Volume 69, Issue 5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.12.026.
- G. Molina, S. Dasso, G. Mansilla, J. H. Namour, M. A. Cabrera, E. Zuccheretti. (2020). Consequences of a solar wind stream interaction region on the low latitude ionosphere: Event of 7 October 2015. Solar Physics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-01728-7
> 80 PRESENTATIONS – SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS (more relevant in the last 5 years) 2023 – 2025- Invited speaker:
– Workshop on the Use of GNSS Data for Ionospheric Monitoring and Modelling (2025). Title: ML for TEC forecasting.
– Plenary. European Space Weather Week 2024. Title: Capacity Building in Machine Learning applied to Space Weather. Coimbra, Portugal.
– Brazilian Symposium on Space Geophysics and Aeronomy (SBGEA). Title: Forecasting using machine learning for space weather applications. Araguatins, Brazil.
– Semiplenary: 8 Reunión la Asociación Física Argentina (Argentinian Physics Association Meeting). Title:”Machine Learning in Space Weather”. Bahia Blanca, Argentina.
– Space Weather Observations Throughout Latinoamerica Filling the Southern Gaps( Ushuaia, Argentina). Title: Instrumentation used in Space Weather Science and Operations in Argentina
2025 – “Research to Operations: ML Techniques for Real-Time Space Weather and Ionospheric Modeling”. Beacon Satellite Symposium 2025 (BSS 2025). Rome, Italy.
2024 – “Geoeffective interplanetary conditions near Earth due to stream interaction regions”. S. Dasso,P. Démoulin, C. Gutierrez, M. G. Molina & N. Santos. United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative: Preparing for the Solar Maximum. Neustrelitz, Germany. 2024 – “Intense Spread-F Event at a Low Latitude Station and its possible relationship with a Geomagnetic Storm and Substorms”. M. G. Molina, Y. Melendi, B. Gallardo-Lacour, M. Paz, L. Ruesjas.United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative: Preparing for the Solar Maximum. Neustrelitz, Germany.
2024 – “Different Plasma Bubble Dynamics over the EIA: A Comparative Study of Geomagnetic Storm Responses in two distinct Regions of South America”. G. Gonzalez, M. G. Molina, M. Paz, Y. Melendi. United Nations/Germany Workshop on the International Space Weather Initiative: Preparing for the Solar Maximum. Neustrelitz, Germany.
2024 – “Machine learning techniques for space weather: recent results and developments towards real time operations”, M. Graciela Molina. XIV COLAGE, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 2022 – “Machine Learning Based Ionospheric Forecasting: Towards Operative Implementation”. Maria Graciela Molina, Jorge Namour, Claudio Cesaroni, Luca Spogli, Asamoah, Eric Nana, Noelia Arguelles. XIII COLAGE. Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brasil.
2022 – “The Argentinian-Chilean Validated Ionospheric Database (ACVID)”. Molina, M. G.; Bravo, M. A.; Ovalle, E.; J. Lopez; B. Urra; M. Nacud; J. Namour; S. Tarulli; M. Martinez-Ledesma; L. Pascuale. XIII COLAGE. Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brasil.
2022 – “ML fundamentals” and “DL fundamentals”. Molina M. G.. International Workshop on Machine Learning for Space Weather: Fundamentals, Tools and Future Prospects. ICTP, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2022 – “Ionosphere forecasting for space weather using deep learning”,Molina M. G., Namour J., Cearoni C., Spogli C.. International Workshop on Machine Learning for Space Weather: Fundamentals, Tools and Future Prospects. ICTP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
2022 – “Forecasting global Ionospheric TEC under different geomagnetic conditions using different deep learning techniques” Maria Graciela Molina, Jorge Namour, Claudio Cesaroni, Luca Spogli. 8th IAGA/ICMA/SCOSTEP Workshop on Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere-Ionosphere. Hungary. 2021- New Space Weather Services in Argentina: The Tucumán Space Weather Center . María Graciela Molina, Yenca Migoya-Orué, Jorge H. Namour, Ticiano Torres-Peralta, Katy Alazo-Cuartas, Enrico Zuccheretti, Ana G. Elias, and Miguel A. Cabrera. URSI-GASS 2021. Roma, Italia. Agosto/Sept 2021
2021- A data science approach for the development of space weather services at the Tucumán Space Weather Center . Ticiano Torres Peralta, Jorge H. Namour, A. Nahuel Gómez, Esteban Paz, Guadalupe
Delorme, Darío Dall’ara, Guirllermo Amaya, Benjamín Cortés and María Graciela Molina. . Roma, Italia. Agosto/Sept 2021
2021 – Deep learning techniques applied to global Total Electron Content: Comparative study. M. G. Molina, J. Namour, C. Cesaroni, L. Spogli. Machine Learning and Statistical Inference Techniques. European Space Weather Week 2021.
2021- Deep Learning Techniques for Global Total Electron Content Forecasting. J. Namour, C. Cesaroni, M.G. Molina, L. Spogli. WiSEE’21. IEEE.
2021 – Machine Learning program at LAGO Colaboration. Molina, María Graciela; Torres Peralta, Ticiano, Sidelnik, Ivan; Asorey, Hernán; Dasso, Sergiofor the LAGO colaboration. Simposio AGRANDA. Octubre 2021.
2021- A data science approach for the development of space weather services in Argentina. Jorge H. Namour,Ticiano Torres Peralta, A. Nahuel Gómez, Esteban Paz, Guadalupe Delorme, Darío Dall’ara, Guirllermo Amaya, Benjamín Cortés and María Graciela Molina. AGRANDA. Octubre 2021.
2021- Ionosphere F2 critical frequency forecasting using deep learning. Namour, Jorge H; Molina, María Graciela; Ise, Juan. Virtual Conference on Applications of Statistical Methods and Machine Learning in the Space Sciences, Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado.
OTHER RELEVANT ACTIVITIES
2026 – Organizer and lecturer: “Workshop on Machine Learning applied to Space Weather and
Global Navigation Satellite Systems” , 16 – 20 February 2026. San José, Costa Rica. (https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/icg/activities/2026/workshop_on_ml_gnss-2026.html)
2025– Invited speaker – Pint of Science, 2025 Tucuman Argentina: “Inteligencia Artificial y Meteorología del Espacio”
2025– Invited speaker – Ciclo de Coloquios del IAFE, 2025, Buenos Aires, Argentina: “Inteligencia Artificial y Meteorología del Espacio”
2024 – Invited researcher: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
HUMAN RESOURCES
Director of 5 doctoral thesis (FACET-UNT & Universidad Nacional del Sur) – (1 finished) Director of 4 master thesis.
Reviewer and thesis examination committee member of 1 Master thesis and 3 PhD thesis.